Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by the occurrence of CAC

N

2631

1746

885

Age, years

56.62 ± 12.33

55.62 ± 12.84

58.59 ± 11.00

Sex, n (%)

Female

964 (36.64)

667 (38.20)

297 (33.56)

Male

1667 (63.36)

1079 (61.80)

588 (66.44)

Ethnic group, n (%)

Non-han

105 (3.99)

71 (4.07)

34 (3.84)

Han

2526 (96.01)

1675 (95.93)

851 (96.16)

BMI, kg/m²

26.27 ± 3.35

26.28 ± 3.36

26.24 ± 3.34

Current smoking, n (%)

No

2452 (93.20)

1626 (93.13)

826 (93.33)

Yes

179 (6.80)

120 (6.87)

59 (6.67)

Current drinking, n (%)

No

2333 (88.67)

1543 (88.37)

790 (89.27)

Yes

298 (11.33)

203 (11.63)

95 (10.73)

Blood pressure status, n (%)

Normobaric blood pressure

1415 (53.78)

966 (55.33)

449 (50.73)

Hypertension

1208 (45.91)

773 (44.27)

435 (49.15)

Hypotension

8 (0.30)

7 (0.40)

1 (0.11)

Hypertensive medication, n (%)

No

2572 (97.76)

1709 (97.88)

863 (97.51)

Yes

59 (2.24)

37 (2.12)

22 (2.49)

Medications for diabetes, n (%)

No

2534 (96.31)

1683 (96.39)

851 (96.16)

Yes

97 (3.69)

63 (3.61)

34 (3.84)

Statins, n (%)

No

2586 (98.29)

1720 (98.51)

866 (97.85)

Yes

45 (1.71)

26 (1.49)

19 (2.15)

Total protein, g/L

72.01 ± 4.47

72.09 ± 4.64

71.85 ± 4.12

Total bilirubin, µmol/L

11.66 ± 4.61

11.64 ± 4.55

11.70 ± 4.72

ALT, U/L

22.10 (16.45–32.70)

22.60 (16.40–34.00)

21.50 (16.60–30.00)

AST, U/L

20.80 (17.05–26.30)

20.80 (17.00-26.58)

20.80 (17.10–25.90)

GGT, U/L

28.90 (20.10–46.20)

28.90 (20.40–46.00)

29.00 (19.80–46.60)

Creatinine, µmol/L

62.18 ± 16.94

62.03 ± 16.74

62.47 ± 17.33

Uric acid, µmol/L

324.12 ± 88.66

322.91 ± 88.92

326.51 ± 88.16

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L

8.16 ± 2.48

8.23 ± 2.52

8.03 ± 2.41

HbA1C, %

7.45 ± 1.39

7.42 ± 1.37

7.49 ± 1.42

TC, mmol/L

4.99 ± 1.17

4.95 ± 1.16

5.08 ± 1.19

TG, mmol/L

1.89 (1.33–2.76)

1.87 (1.34–2.75)

1.93 (1.31–2.78)

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.20 ± 0.27

1.20 ± 0.27

1.21 ± 0.26

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.85 ± 0.87

2.81 ± 0.84

2.91 ± 0.92